Aluminum hydroxide obtained by this reaction uses widely in water treatment, construction technology, and paper industries. Sodium aluminate is an important inorganic chemical used for the production of aluminum hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with amphoteric metals such as aluminum or zinc or tin to form sodium aluminate or sodium zincate or sodium stannite and hydrogen gas.Ģ Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2O → 2 NaAlO 2 + 3 H 2Ģ Zn + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2O → 2 NaZnO 2 + 3 H 2Ģ Sn + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2O → 2 NaSnO 2 + 3 H 2 Such a reaction is used in environmental chemistry to the reduction of harmful gases like SO 2 emitted by burning coal.Ģ NaOH + SO 2 → Na 2SO 3 + H 2O Reaction with metals It reacts with acidic oxides such as sulfur dioxide to form sodium sulfite. Similarly, it neutralizes sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate and water.Īll organic acids can react with NaOH to form soluble salts. For example, it reacts with hydrochloric acid to form water and sodium chloride. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that reacts with protic acid to form water and corresponding salts.
Soluble in water and polar solvents like methanol, ethanol, etc. Some common properties of NaOH are given below the table, IUPAC Name Pure sodium hydroxide is melted at the temperature of 318 ☌ and boils at 1388 ☌. PropertiesĪt room temperature, caustic soda is a white crystalline solid that absorbs moisture from the air. When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid, NaOH liberates heat. It is a white crystalline solid soluble in water and alcohols like methanol and ethanol. The alkali metal hydroxide, NaOH is a very strong and corrosive base. The efficiency of causticizing increases when a dilute solution of sodium carbonate is used. The reversible equilibrium is determined by the solubility of both Ca(OH) 2 and CaCO 3. The causticizing of sodium carbonate provides an alternative method to make sodium hydroxide. Using such electrodes can decrease the efficiency of the cathode.
Therefore, we use graphite rods for both the cathode and anode. The method creates environmental pollution hazards by contamination of soil and water with mercury. Sodium is discharged on mercury to form an amalgam. Sodium hydroxide is made commercially by electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using mercury cathode and carbon anode. Generally, we use solid or a 50% sodium hydroxide solution for domestic and industrial purposes. The uses of sodium hydroxide may include making soaps, detergents, artificial textile fibers, and paper drain cleaners, extraction of aluminum, oil refining, treatment of water, food processing, etc. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide causes bond breakage in proteins due to its high alkalinity or pH level. It is highly soluble in water and readily absorbed water and carbon dioxide from the air.
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